Michael Mandelbaum, professor emeritus of American foreign policy at Johns Hopkins University, talks with host Carol Castiel and VOA assistant producer Ben Deeter, about his new book, The Rise and Fall of Peace on Earth, which examines how and why peace was established for 25 years after the end of the Cold War and why it fell apart. Mandelbaum cites Vladimir Putin’s Russia in Europe, Xi Jinping’s China in Asia and the Shia clerics’ Iran in the Middle East as the primary culprits who shattered the peace.